Dielectric-fibre surface waveguides for optical frequencies
K.C. Kao and G.A. Hockham
Abstract: A dielectric fibre with a refractive index higher than its surrounding region is a form of dielectric
waveguide which represents a possible medium for the guided transmission of energy at optical frequencies. The particular type of dielectric-fibre waveguide discussed is one with a circular cross-section. The choice of themode of propagation for a fibre waveguide used for communication purposes is governed by consideration of
loss characteristics and information capacity. Dielectric loss, bending loss and radiation loss are discussed, and mode stability, dispersion and power handling are examined with respect to information capacity. Physicalrealisation aspects are also discussed. Experimental investigations at both optical and microwave wavelengthsare included.
1 Introduction
A dielectric fibre with a refractive index higher than its surrounding region is a form of dielectric waveguide which represents a possible medium for the guided transmission of energy at optical frequencies. This form of structure guides the electromagnetic waves along the definable boundary between the regions of different refractive
indexes. The associated electromagnetic field is carried partially inside the fibre and partially outside it. The external field is evanescent in the direction normal to the direction of propagation, and it decays approximately
exponentially to zero at infinity. Such structures are often referred to as open waveguides, and the propagation is known as the surface-wave mode. The particular type of dielectric-fibre waveguide to be discussed is one with a circular cross-section.
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